Nerve damage most commonly affects the feet and legs, but it can also affect digestion, blood vessels, and the heart. Eye problems (retinopathy). Some people with diabetes develop an eye disease called diabetic retinopathy, which can affect their vision. If retinopathy is detected (usually through an eye screening test), vision loss can be treated and prevented.
Foot problems/Diabetes Foot problems are serious and can result in amputation if left untreated. Nerve damage can affect foot feel, and increased blood sugar can damage circulation, making sores and cuts heal more slowly. That's why it's important to tell your family doctor if you notice any changes in the look or feel of your feet. Heart attack and stroke When you have diabetes, high blood sugar over a period of time can damage your blood vessels.
Sometimes, this can lead to heart attacks and strokes. Kidney problems (nephropathy). Diabetes can damage the kidneys over a long period of time, making it difficult to get rid of excess fluid and waste from the body. This is due to high blood sugar levels and high blood pressure.
It is known as diabetic nephropathy or kidney disease. We don't know what exactly causes type 1 diabetes. We think it's an autoimmune disorder in which the body mistakenly destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Usually, the pancreas secretes insulin into the bloodstream.
. However, once most of the insulin-producing cells are destroyed, the pancreas cannot produce enough insulin, meaning that glucose cannot enter the cells, causing excess blood sugar to float in the bloodstream. And this condition is called diabetic ketoacidosis. Although we don't know what causes it, we do know that certain factors can contribute to the development of type 1 diabetes.
Anyone with a parent or sibling with type 1 diabetes has a slightly higher risk of developing it. The presence of certain genes may also indicate an increased risk. Type 1 diabetes becomes more common as you move away from the equator. Age, although it can occur at any age, there are two notable peaks.
The first occurs in children between four and seven years old and the second between 10 and 14 years old. One of the complications of diabetes is the alteration of microcirculation and blood macrocirculation, since in this disease, the vasodilating capacity of the arterioles is compromised by the reduction of endogenous NO production by endothelial cells in the blood vessels. Microvascular deterioration leads to complications of diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy and diabetic neuropathy. Other complications include dental diseases, reduced resistance to infections such as influenza and pneumonia, and macrosomia and other complications of childbirth in pregnant women with diabetes.
All women with diabetes during pregnancy, type 1, type 2, or pregnancy should strive to achieve ideal blood glucose levels at all times to minimize complications. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication that is estimated to affect 30 to 50% of people with diabetes. The longer you have diabetes and the less you control your blood sugar level, the greater your risk of complications. Keeping blood sugar, blood pressure, and blood fats under control will greatly help reduce the risk of developing complications.
Ultimately, the strongest interpretations will be made when autophagy is independently manipulated in the context of a diabetes complication and the impact of this manipulation on the progression of the particular complication in question is determined. With advances in the treatment of diabetes and its associated complications, people with diabetes are living longer with this condition. Not only do these complications significantly affect the morbidity and mortality associated with diabetes, but they also contribute to the increasing costs associated with diabetes. In addition, a key factor in the development of diabetes complications is the glycemic level, both at the time of diagnosis, and an “upward drift” of the glycemic level over time.
General studies on the complications of diabetes have identified several well-known metabolic and structural alterations related to terminal organ damage. .
